Not all digital audio listeners are accessible to advertisers. Ad-free subscriptions continue to make up a sizable share of listenership on the largest platforms, and digital audio players are incentivized to prioritize the ad-free revenue stream. Annual adrevenues per ad-supported user are considerably less than revenues generated by an annual ad-free subscription for Spotify and Pandora.
Retail media will set the pace for digital advertising growth in the coming years as more retailers invest in monetizing the channel and more advertising options become available to media buyers.